Culture

150 years ago, the US military executed Modoc war leaders in Fort Klamath, Oregon

By Kami Horton (OPB)

Oct. 3, 2023 1 p.m.

Beginning in the fall of 1872, a small band of Modoc warriors and their families held off hundreds of U.S. soldiers in the lava fields of Northern California. Ultimately, the conflict left the Modoc leaders dead and the tribe divided.